Scientists discovered a female microscopic roundworm that has been stuck deep in Siberian permafrost for 46,000 years, The Washington Post reported. When they revived it, the worm started having babies via a process called parthenogenesis, which doesn't require a mate.
According to a press release, the worm spent thousands of years in a type of dormancy called cryptobiosis. In that state, which can last almost indefinitely, all metabolic processes pause, including "reproduction, development, and repair," the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa reported.
In a study published July in the journal PLOS Genetics, scientists reported that after sequencing the worm's genome, scientists said it belonged to an "undescribed species."
Previously, Plectus murrayi and Tylenchus polyhypnus nematodes were resurrected from moss and herbarium specimens after a few dozen years, according to Live Science. This new species, however, which scientists have named Panagrolaimus kolymaensis, was dormant for tens of thousands of years longer.
Holly Bik, a deep-sea biologist, estimated that there are millions of nematode species living in environments as diverse as ocean trenches, tundras, deserts, and volcanic soils. Scientists have only described 5,000 marine species so far.
William Crow, a nematologist at the University of Florida who was not involved in the study, told the Post that this worm could belong to a species that had been thought to have gone extinct in the last 50,000 years.
"However, it very well could be a commonly occurring nematode that no one got around to describing yet," Crow said.
The fact that the worm survived all of those years is not a shock to scientists, who have known for years that microscopic organisms, such as the worm studied here, can stop their biological functions to survive even the harshest conditions, according to the press release.
"Altogether, our findings demonstrate that nematodes evolved mechanisms potentially allowing them to suspend life over geological time scales," the PLOS Genetics paper said.
