President Donald Trump is testing the markets by continuing to threaten high tariffs on a range of trading partners while postponing previously announced levies.
Wednesday was the scheduled end of a 90-day pause to the higher tariffs for certain countries that Trump announced in early April alongside the 10% across-the-board tariffs that have since taken effect. With few deals in hand, Trump this week further pushed back the higher tariffs to August 1 and revised some of the specific numbers.
Since announcing the postponement Sunday, Trump has sent letters to 23 countries notifying leaders of revised tariff rates — many lower than the original ones — that he says they'll be charged starting next month if a better deal cannot be reached.
On Wednesday, Trump showed a further willingness to use tariffs to punish countries for actions unrelated to trade.
In a letter to Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Trump said he'd impose a new 50% tariff on Brazilian goods in part because of the prosecution of former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro.
Beyond country-specific actions, Trump is also looking to hike up sector-specific tariffs. He told reporters on Wednesday that he'd impose a 50% tariff on copper and floated a tariff as high as 200% on pharmaceuticals. Copper prices later soared to all-time highs.
On Thursday, Trump wrote to one of the US's largest trading partners. He informed Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney that the US would impose a 35% tariff on all non-USMCA-compliant goods.
Here's where things stand with major US partners. All listed data on trade between countries comes from the Office of the United States Trade Representative and the Census Bureau.
The 23 countries that have received Trump's tariff letters
Canada: 35% tariff
Canada was not previously targeted by Trump's higher-than-10% tariffs that Trump announced in April.
Before Trump released his letter, Canadian leaders had thought they were making progress in talks.
Canada is the US's second-largest trading partner.
Brazil: 50% tariff
Brazil wasn't subject to the higher-than-10% tariffs that Trump announced in April. He called out the prosecution of Bolsonaro on Wednesday in his letter threatening the new, higher rate.
"This Trial should not be taking place," Trump wrote in the letter to Brazil's current leader. "It is a Witch Hunt that should end IMMEDIATELY!"
Brazil's Supreme Court is expected to convict Bolsonaro in the coming months for attempting a coup after his 2022 election loss, The New York Times reported. Bolsonaro is a close Trump ally who has said the US president would help him.
In 2024, the US did $92 billion in total goods trade with Brazil.
Sri Lanka: 30%
This is significantly lower than the 44% tariff Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did $3.4 billion in total goods trade with Sri Lanka.
Japan: 25% tariff
Trump recently said Japan was too used to being "spoiled" to reach a deal. On Monday, he signaled he was ready to move on.
The president published a letter to Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba saying the US would impose a 25% tariff on Japanese goods starting August 1.
"We've had years to discuss our trading relationship with Japan," Trump wrote in the letter.
According to the Japanese government, talks were ongoing as recently as Saturday before Trump made his announcement.
In April, the White House proposed a 24% tariff on Japanese goods. It's not clear why Trump went higher with Monday's announcement, but he had recently threatened a 30% or 35% tariff when he called the US ally "spoiled."
Ishiba previously said he wanted Trump to nix a 25% tariff on Japanese cars.
"Automobiles are a major national interest," Ishiba told reporters in June, on the sidelines of the G7 summit in Canada. "We will continue to do everything we can to protect such interests."
South Korea: 25% tariff
South Korea had been hoping for an extension before the August 1-related news.
On Monday, Trump posted a letter saying South Korean goods would be subject to a 25% tariff starting August 1. The announcement matches the level Trump announced in early April.
Before Trump posted the letter, South Korean President Lee Jae Myung said talks had been "very difficult."
"The two sides are not really clear on what they want," Lee told reporters Thursday, according to the Financial Times.
Thailand: 36% tariff
This rate matches the one Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did $81 billion in total goods trade with Thailand.
Malaysia: 25% tariff
This rate is slightly higher than the 24% tariff Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did $80.2 billion in total goods trade with Malaysia.
Indonesia: 32% tariff
This rate matches the one Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did $38.3 billion in total goods trade with Indonesia.
Philippines: 20% tariff
This rate is slightly higher than the 17% tariff Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did $23.5 billion in total goods trade with the Philippines.
South Africa: 30% tariff
This rate matches the one Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US traded $20.5 billion worth of goods with South Africa.
Cambodia: 36% tariff
This rate is significantly lower than the 49% tariff Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did $13 billion in total goods trade with Cambodia.
Bangladesh: 35% tariff
This rate is a slight decrease from the 37% tariff Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did $10.6 billion in total goods trade with Bangladesh.
Iraq: 30% tariff
This is significantly lower than the 39% tariff Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did $9.1 billion in total goods trade with Iraq.
Algeria: 30%
This matches the rate Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did $3.5 billion in total goods trade with Algeria.
Kazakhstan: 25% tariff
This rate is lower than the 27% tariff Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did $3.4 billion in total goods trade with Kazakhstan.
Libya: 30% tariff
This is slightly lower than the 31% tariff Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did $2 billion in total goods trade with Libya.
Tunisia: 25% tariff
This rate is a slight decrease from the 28% tariff Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did $1.6 billion in total goods trade with Tunisia.
Serbia: 35% tariff
This rate is a slight decrease from the 37% tariff Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did roughly $1 billion in total goods trade with Serbia.
Laos: 40% tariff
This rate is decreased from the 48% tariff Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did $844 million in total goods trade with Laos.
Myanmar: 40% tariff
This rate is a slight decrease from the 44% tariff Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did $734 million in total goods trade with Myanmar.
Moldova: 25% tariff
This is significantly lower than the 31% tariff Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did $187.6 million in total goods trade with Moldova.
Brunei: 25% tariff
This is slightly higher than the 24% tariff Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did $366 million in total goods trade with Brunei.
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 30% tariff
This rate is a slight decrease from the 35% tariff Trump proposed in April.
In 2024, the US did $231.9 million in total goods trade with Bosnia and Herzegovina.
European Union: Pushing hard for a deal
The European Union was pushing hard for a deal before the White House announced the August 1 "boomerang," as Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent called it.
The EU trade commissioner, Maroš Šefčovič, traveled to Washington on July 3 for talks with US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer.
German Chancellor Friedrich Merz told reporters on June 26 that it was better for the bloc "to act quickly and simply than slowly and in a highly complicated way." He said leaders were in agreement.
In contrast, Politico reported that Paris and Madrid didn't want to see the EU rushing to accept a deal. Publicly, French President Emmanuel Macron said he could accept a 10% tariff.
The White House's initial April announcement called for a 20% tariff on EU goods. In May, Trump threatened a 50% tariff because of his frustration with the pace of negotiations. (He later delayed the much higher tariff until July 9 as well.)
The US imported $605.8 billion worth of EU goods last year, and its trade deficit with the EU rose 12.9% compared with 2023.
China: There's more time on the clock
The world's two largest economies are on a different timetable.
In May, the US and China reached an interim deal that called for a separate 90-day pause lasting until August. As part of the deal, the US lowered its tariffs on Chinese goods to 30% from 145%, and China agreed to lower its tariffs on US imports to 10% from 125%.
There have been some bumps since then, but after high-level talks in London in June, China confirmed the outlines of a deal that would allow for more rare earth exports. In return, the US would lift some of its own restrictions.
Many details still remain to be worked out.
United Kingdom: A deal hasn't solved everything
In May, the UK became the first country to broker a trade deal with Trump after his early-April tariff announcement — even though the longtime US ally was never subject to the president's higher tariffs.
The US-UK deal went into effect June 30 and applies a 10% tariff on most British goods. London isn't done.
The deal doesn't apply to steel tariffs, which could rise as high as 50%.
India: No deal just yet
India once looked poised to sign one of the first trade deals, but such a deal has proved elusive thus far.
An Indian delegation remained in Washington for extended talks, Reuters reported on July 2. While criticizing Japan, Trump told reporters that he thought a deal was close with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Reuters reported that disagreements over US agriculture had held up a final deal.
Vietnam: A deal is in place
Trump announced a deal with Vietnam on July 2.
He said the US would impose a 20% tariff on all Vietnamese goods and a 40% tariff "on any Transshipping." Trump's original early-April announcement called for a 46% tariff on Vietnamese goods.
Correction: July 11, 2025 — An earlier version of this story misstated several details about President Donald Trump's announcements for higher tariffs on certain countries. He originally announced the tariffs on April 2, not April 1, and the postponed tariff rates were originally set to take effect July 9, not August 9. This week, he raised his proposed tariff for Malaysian goods to 25%; he didn't keep it unchanged at 24%. The tariff he previously proposed for Cambodia was 49%, not 46%. The US did $187.6 million in total goods trade with Moldova in 2024, not $367.6 million. Also, the US previously lowered its tariffs on Chinese goods to 30% from 145%, not from 45%.
